Understanding Section 142(1) of the Income Tax Act

Indian income tax rules can be hard to understand, but each part of the Income Tax Act serves a specific purpose, and Section 142(1) is no different. This part is very important during the assessment phase of the income tax process, and people often get confused or worried about it. The Income Tax Department sends this notice when it finds incomplete information about the income, non-filing of returns, discrepancies in tax returns, under- or over-reported income, reassessment purposes, tax evasion suspicions, etc. If you’ve ever gotten a notice u/s 142(1) of the Income Tax Act or want to know what it means, this post has included all of that.

Part 142(1) of the Income Tax Act 

Section 142(1) says that an Assessing Officer (AO) can send a letter to a taxpayer asking for specific information before beginning the assessment process. This notice is usually sent when the return has been filed, but AO wants more information or clarification, or when there has been no return filed.

“To assess this Act, the AO may give notice that the person must: 

a) Provide a return of income (if one has not been filed)

b) Show accounts or documents

c) Provide information in writing and with proof as required

Who can Issue Notice u/s 142(1) of Income Tax Act?

An Assessing Officer has the discretion to issue an Income Tax Notice u/s 142(1). In case, whether you have filed your returns or not, the AO has authority to issue this notice. Generally, this notice is issued after the end of a relevant assessment year.

Even in case, when a taxpayer is not required to file returns, they still need to file a response to the income tax notice as it is a legal compliance under section 142(1).

Purpose of Income Tax Notice u/s 142 (1)

The main goal of Section 142(1) is to help the AO do an accurate and fair evaluation. Getting important facts, documents, and data is the first thing that needs to be done before a thorough investigation can begin.

Some important goals are:

To prevent tax evasion 

AOs help in making a good decision, and 142(1) says that anyone can get a notice. There are two main situations in which this letter could be sent:

Based on what the AO wants, three main kinds of 142(1) notices are sent out

1. Giving a Return of Income

If you don’t file your ITR by the due date, the AO can send you a 142(1)(i) letter telling you to do so. Most of the time, this is seen as the last warning before something else is done.

2. Showing of Records or Accounts

The AO can ask for receipts, bills, bank records, books of accounts, etc., that have to do with the money made during a financial year under Section 142(1)(ii).

3. Giving Out Information

The AO can ask for specific information in writing under Section 142(1)(iii). This could include explanations for sources of income, investments, cash deposits, or any other strange financial behaviour.

When Compliance is Due

When a Section 142(1) notice is sent out, it will include a due date for the information or papers that are needed. A lot of the time, 15 to 30 days, but this can change if the case is very complicated. If you have received such notice, and want to seek help from experts to resolve the issue, then take timely action and make sure that you respond within the stipulated time frame.

E-Assessment under the Faceless Assessment Scheme, 2019

The facelss assessment scheme was brought into effect from 2019 and since then it has changed how the notices u/s 142(1) are handled. Now, the assessments are conducted electronically, not requiring physical interation between taxpayer and the assessing officer. The key features of the scheme are the following

How to Answer a Notice Under 142(1)

If you get a notice, do these things:

Step 1 

Go to the Income Tax Portal and log in. Now click on the “Pending Actions” tab and select the “E-Proceedings” facility, and then click on ” Submit Response” it will take you to a new page

Step 2

You can upload all the papers that were asked for in PDF format or type in your answers. Make sure that your answer fits the information in your ITR (if you filed one).

Step 4

Send your answer and check it using either your Digital Signature Certificate (DSC) or an OTP based on Aadhaar, as needed.

What Will Happen If You Don’t Follow Section 142(1)?

If you ignore or don’t answer a 142(1) notice, it could have major consequences:

Evaluation of the Best Judgment (Section 144):

The AO will figure out how much money you make based on the information they have access to. This could mean that you owe more in taxes.

There are penalties (Section 271(1)(b)):

Key Points to Remember

Key ElementDetails
Who IssuesAssessing Officer (AO)
Applicable toNon-filers and filers (for further clarification)
PurposeCollect documents, data, and explanations before assessment
Response TimelineGenerally, 15–30 days
Non-Compliance OutcomePenalty, Best Judgment Assessment, Scrutiny, Prosecution
Mode of ReplyOnline via the Income Tax e-filing portal

Section 142(1) vs Section 143(2)

Many people confuse Section 142(1) with Section 143(2), but they are different in purpose.

FeatureSection 142(1)Section 143(2)
PurposePre-assessment inquiriesDetailed scrutiny after the return filing
Triggered byMissing return or incomplete detailsSuspicion of understatement of income
Response requirementBasic info, documents, clarificationsFace-to-face hearing or written reply

Get Started with TaxDunia

You don’t need to worry about getting a warning under Section 142(1). The Income Tax Department does this as a formality to make sure that estimates are correct and fair. Responding on time with full and correct information can help you avoid extra scrutiny, fines, or even criminal charges.

Remember that the best way to stay on the right side of tax law is to be honest and follow the rules on time. It’s always better to be safe than sorry when it comes to taxes, so if you’re not sure what to do with these letters, talk to a tax expert.

FAQs

Q1: Part 142(1): Is it a review notice?

Yes, it is a pre-assessment question. The law talks about an inspection notice in Section 143(2).

Q2: What kinds of papers should I send in response?

This is based on the letter. Usually, it has bank records, PAN, Aadhaar, proofs of investments, TDS certificates, and books of accounts for a business.

Q3: Can I get help from a professional to answer a 142(1) notice?

Of course. Talking to a Chartered Accountant or tax consultant is a good idea, especially if the notice is about complicated deals or assessments of a high value.

Q4: Will I get in trouble if I take a few days to respond?

You might get in trouble. You can ask for more time through the e-portal if you can’t meet the limit and give good reasons.

Q5: Can I get a letter even if I filled out my ITR correctly?

Yes, the AO can still send out a notice under Section 142(1) for explanation if there are strange entries or big differences.

Q6: What are most common reasons for which I might receive notice u/s 142(1)?

The following are the most common reasons for which the tax authorities can you the notice

Q7: What is the potential penalty for 142(1) notice?

Any of the following are the imposed on the tapxayer in case of non-compliance

Q8: What are the propespective steps I can take in response to notice u/s 142(1)?

Reaching out to a tax professional is one of the most important steps you can take to resolve the issues, yet you can do as well

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