What are the types of proprietorship in India?

What are the types of proprietorship?

A sole proprietorship is a legal business form that is an individual-owned and -operated entity, in which the sole proprietor bears all the dangers implied by the business. Primarily owned, controlled, and managed by a single person, all the efforts and risks associated with the business are taken up by the sole proprietor himself or herself. All decisions, asset control, as well as financial liability concerning the gains and losses of the business will rest in the hands of the proprietor. This blog contains all major existing types of proprietorship in India.

Although the sole proprietorship is one entity, several different types can be classified according to some particular parameters, such as the nature of the business, legal requirements according to the state, involvement of other people, and specific business objectives.

1. Traditional Sole Proprietorship

The traditional sole proprietorship is the simplest business proprietorship form. Here, an individual is solely responsible for the management and operations of the business and for its liabilities. Legally, the owner and the business are one entity: the owner directly owns all assets and liabilities.

Key Features:

• Full Control: The owner has the final say on all business decisions.
• Taxation: Income generated by the business is reported on the owner’s personal income tax return. There is no separate tax payment made by the business.
• Liability: An owner is personally liable for any debts or losses or actions against the business.
• No Formal Registration: No formal registration is considered to be a prerequisite to starting this type of sole-proprietorship business, depending upon the locality and nature of the work.

2. Sole Proprietorship with a Trade Name (DBA)

An assumed or fictional name sole proprietorship is like any other sole proprietorship except that the proprietor operates using any name other than his/her legal name. To accomplish this, the proprietor files for registration as doing business as (DBA) or fictitious business name registration with the appropriate local government agency.

Key Features:

• Legal Name vs. Trade Name: It indicates that the owner is still functioning as a sole proprietor but has taken up another name for branding and promotional purposes.
• Business Identity: This performs better for the professional image or marketability of the business.
• Taxation and Liability: This level of taxation, just like all sole proprietorships, is taxed as individual income, whereas anything that threatens the business in the arena of minimum liability is borne solely by the proprietor concerning his or her obligations.
• Name Registration: The trade name ought to be registered with the local or state authority to prevent confusion with other businesses.

3. Home-Based Sole Proprietorship

A home-based sole proprietorship is a business wherein the owner runs the company from home instead of a commercial setting. Such an establishment is gaining popularity, especially with the recent advancement in remote work and e-commerce.

Key Features:

• Low Overhead: No commercial leasing or purchase results from running a business from home, lowering the operating costs.
• Flexible Work Environment: The owner thus enjoys the good aspect of working flexible hours to attain a great balance between professional and personal life.
• Local Zoning Regulations: The locality might, however, impose restrictions or be required to license a business operating from one’s home, especially when such a business involves clients or customers actually visiting the premises.
• Tax Deductions: Business owners may qualify to claim home office deductions if they meet certain thresholds set by tax authorities.

4. Online or E-Commerce Sole Proprietorship

An online or E-commerce sole proprietorship, otherwise known as e-commerce sole proprietorship, is that business which functions solely through digital means or the Internet, and not face-to-face.

Key Features:

• Global Reach: Depending on the goods or services rendered, this type of business could conceivably be global.
• Digital Tools: Most of the time, these owners use digital tools such as websites, social media, or online marketplaces to promote their products or services to customers.
• Lower Start-Up Costs: The Economics of online operating that come out in minimal costs from not needing to lease and maintain an inventory at a physical location.
• E-Commerce Platforms: Many e-commerce retailers rely on sales through online portals like Shopify, Etsy, or Amazon and use them for running their business operations and transactions.

5. Service-Based Sole Proprietorship

A service-based sole proprietorship is a business entity where service is the main offering rather than a tangible good, such as personal services like hairdressing or tutoring or a professional service, such as consulting or legal advice.

Key Features:

• Intangible Products: The offerings are intangible; that is, they are dependent on expertise, skills, or services rather than tangible products.
• Personal Branding: He or she easily becomes the face of the business because the success of the business is directly attached to his or her reputation, experience, and skills.
• Client Relationships: Proprietorships based on services thrive assuming customer satisfaction and long-term relationships, and tend to require regular communication with clients.

6. Consulting Sole Proprietorship

A sole proprietorship functions itself in the form of consulting when the owner engages businesses or individuals to render expert advice for a fee. Consulting is mainly offered in business management, marketing, finance, or IT.

Key Features:

• Expertise-Based: The proprietor typically engages in an area of specialization to provide consultation, recommendations, and solutions.
• Project-Based Work: Consulting work is, more often than not, project-related wherein the fee(s) charge the business for carrying out specific tasks or for providing advice strategically.
• Flexible Work Schedule: The work schedule for consultants includes flexibility for working either remotely or right at client locations.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Sole Proprietorships

Advantages:

1. Easy to Establish: Setting up a sole proprietorship demands minimal time for establishment and remains easy to initiate.
2. Complete Control: The owner has the ultimate power to control every operational and strategic decision of the business.
3. Tax Benefits: Profits from the business are taxed as the owner’s income, thus usually simplifying tax filing.
4. Flexibility: The owner can bear changes in the business environment or operational changes without any external permission.

Disadvantages:

1. Unlimited Liability: The sole proprietor is liable for every debt, liability, and legal action of the business.
2. Limited Sources: Raising funds would be tough for sole proprietors since they cannot issue shares or attract outside investors.
3. Business Continuity: The business is tied to the owner such that it may not last long when the owner can no longer continue, either through sickness, retirement, etc.

Get Started with TaxDunia

Sole proprietorships can serve as a business setup whereby one does home operations, has an online store, or is service-oriented in a personalized manner; many types of such exist for all kinds of needs and goals. Prospective owners have to weigh these considerations against one another, particularly the unlimited liability. Make the ITR filing easy with TaxDunia.